Smoking and Pregnancy — A Review on the First Major Environmental Risk Factor of the Unborn
نویسندگان
چکیده
Smoking cigarettes throughout pregnancy is one of the single most important avoidable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and it represents the first major environmental risk of the unborn. If compared with other risk factors in the perinatal period, exposure to tobacco smoke is considered to be amongst the most harmful and it is associated with high rates of long and short term morbidity and mortality for mother and child. A variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked with cigarette consumption before and during pregnancy. Maternal prenatal cigarette smoke disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, has negative impact on the genetic and cellular level of both mother and fetus and causes a large quantity of diseases in the unborn child. These smoking-induced damages for the unborn offspring manifest themselves at various times in life and for most only a very limited range of causal treatment exists. Education, support and assistance are of high importance to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as there are few other avoidable factors which influence a child's health that profoundly throughout its life. It is imperative that smoking control should be seen as a public health priority.
منابع مشابه
P-167: Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study
Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common condition which presents a major health problem for women of childbearing age. This study aims to analyze and identify risk factors that have the potential for EP and evaluating the contribution of the risk factors associated EP. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, performed from 2006 to 2011 at Arash hospital, the casepatients were ...
متن کاملProvidence during pregnancy; a qualitative content analysis
Background: Pregnancy and birth are very important for the most communities and childbearing women make decisions depends on their context during pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the perception and inner experiences of Iranian pregnant women. Methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted in 2013. Participants consisted of 18 mothers who had experienced pregnancy in T...
متن کاملStudy of risk factors related to the orofacial clefts in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran: Population-based from 2000 to 2015
Background and aims: Nowadays, Orofacial clefts are known as the most common orofacial birth defects. Several factors are responsible for problem, such as environmental factors, genetic background, nutritional deficiencies such as Vitamins, zinc, iron, maternal diseases, exposure to teratogenicagents, smoking, drugs, organic solvents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the o...
متن کاملEFFECT OF PASSIVE SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY ON WEIGHT, LENG TH AND CRANIAL CIRCUMFERENCE AT BIRTH IN KERMAN, IRAN
Passive smoking (PS), a well-known health risk, is the major source of indoor pollution. There is some inconsistent evidence that PS during pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of PS exposure during pregnancy on weight, length and cranial circumference at birth of babies born to women who have described themselves ...
متن کاملHigh maternal hemoglobin concentration in first trimester as risk factor for pregnancy induced hypertension
Background: High maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was considered a risk factor for the developing of pregnancy hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high maternal Hb concentration in first trimesters associated with pregnancy induced hypertension in Iranian nulliparous women. Methods: This study was carried out in teaching hospital in Sari, Iran. Samples were ob...
متن کامل